The Burial was changed the most, removing all ideas of Purgatory. The occasional services in the Sarum Use formed the basis of the Prayer Book services of Baptism, Matrimony, Visitation of the Sick, Burial, and Churching of Women. that the consecrated bread and wine is changed into the actual body and blood of Christ during the prayer of consecration (transubstantiation). The reformers rejected the notion of "real presence", ie. Cranmer used elements of the service in Holy Communion, removing all references to offering the consecrated elements of bread and wine as a sacrifice, "oblation". The Mass book focused on the prayer of consecration known as the Canon. He removed anything he believed was contrary to scripture, eg. Cranmer simplified them into two services, Mattins and Evensong, later called Morning and Evening Prayer. The services focused on the Psalter, scripture reading and prayers. Early Christian writers mention these prayer times. This retained the traditional Jewish hours of prayer - seven times a day. Pie: Calendar and Tables, directions to Priest. Missal: Holy Communion, Collects, Epistles and Gospels. The medieval service books were as follows:īreviary: Morning and Evening Prayer, Litany and Psalter. Sadly the trend in Prayer Book revision is toward a resource book for priests, and so moves away from the people. Cranmer simplified them into one book and so moved worship from the priest to the people. They were the main services in use at the time of the reformation in England, and so were Archbishop Cranmer's main source for composing the Prayer Book.
These medieval services were detailed in some 5 service books. This form was set in 1085 with the "Sarum Use", drawn up by Osmund Bishop of Salisbury.
The arrival of Augustine in 597AD introduced the Western, or Latin worship forms. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Christian church in England was confined to Wales, and later Ireland. England was evangelized from Gaul which followed Eastern (later Orthodox), rather than Western, worship traditions. Cyprian, 250AD, writes of the key phrases in the service, "Lift up your hearts", "We lift them to the Lord", and the Sanctus "Holy, holy, holy." In the middle of the 2nd century Justin Martyr describes a Communion service similar to the Prayer Book - Bible readings, sermon, prayers, sharing the bread and wine. The Didache, 2nd century, teaches that the Lord's Prayer is to be said three times a day (Jewish hours of prayer). Here then is the origin or our two main services, the Lord's Supper and Morning and Evening prayer. I] Luke tells us that the early believers met in their homes to "break bread" (most likely the communion service) and attended services at the Temple, Acts 2:46. For that we must trace the development of Christian worship from the New Testament church itself. Yet this is not the beginning of the English worship tradition.
Evolution of the English Prayer Book Evolution of the English Prayer BookĪlthough the 1662 Book of Common Prayer is now supplemented by numerous revised forms throughout the Anglican communion, it establishes for Anglicans their standard of worship.
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